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wM kw ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ื ืขืœ: ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉื” ื”"ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช" ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœื ืฉื™ื ื’ืจื•ื ื™ืก/ ืืœื™ ื“ื ื™ืืœ

ื ืขืœ ื”ื•ืฉืœื›ื” ืขืœ ืกื“ืื ื—ื•ืกื™ื™ืŸ. ื–ื” ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื•. ื ืขืœ ื”ื•ืฉืœื›ื” ื’ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ืช ื“ื•ืจื™ืช ื‘ื™ื ื™ืฉ, ื•ื”ื™ื” ื’ืœื•ื ื‘ื” ืžืกืจ: ื”ืขื ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืื•ืชืš. ื”ืžืฉืœื™ืš ื”ื™ื” ืื‘ื ื’ืจื•ืฉ ืฉื—ืฉ ืฉืฉื•ืคื˜ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜, ืคื™ืœื™ืค ืžืจืงื•ืก, ื”ืชืขืœืœ ื‘ื•. ื”ืžืกืจ ืœื ื—ืœื—ืœ ื•ืื– ื‘ืื” ืžื—ืืช ื™ื•ืœื™-ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2011. ื”ืขื ืจืฆื” ืฆื“ืง ื—ื‘ืจืชื™, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืขื ื’ื ืจืฆื” ืฆื“ืง ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ื™. ื–ื” ืœื ืงืจื”, ื•ื’ื ื–ื” ืœื ื™ืงืจื”. ื‘ื™ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืืžืจื” ืฉื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื™ื”ื™ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืœืื–ืจื—, ื•ืžื™ื™ื“ ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืฉืชื™ ืขืชื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื’ืฉื• ื›ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ืจืฆื™ื ื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ, ื”ื•ืฉืœื›ื• ืœืคื—. ืชื’ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ืœื ืื™ื—ืจื” ืœื‘ื•ื: ืืจื‘ืœ, ื ืืžืŸ ื•ื›ื—ืœื•ืŸ ื•ืื—ืจื™ื ื ืชื‘ืขื• ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ื‘ืขื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ืคืฉืขื™ื ื ื’ื“ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช. ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืงื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ื™ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืคื•ืชื—ืช ืืช ืคืจื™ืฉืชื” ืžื›ืก ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜, ื›ืืฉืจ ืชื—ืช ื”ืฉื’ื—ืชื”, ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื•ืฉืจื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื ื ืืœืฆื™ื ืœื”ืชื’ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืืฉืžื•ืช ื›ื” ื—ืžื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคืฉืขื™ื ื ื’ื“ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช? ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื ืจื“ื ื‘ืฉืžื™ืจื”? ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืขื•ืœื ื›ืžื ื”ื’ื• ื™ื ื”ื’?

ื›ืœื™ื

ืœืคื ื™ ืคืจื™ืฉืชื” ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื” ื ืฉื™ืืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื›ื™ ืขืงื‘ ื”ืžื—ืื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื™ื›ืจื™ืขื• ื’ื ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช: "ื ื•ืฉืื™ ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื•ื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ืฉืืœืช ื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื, ื•ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ืขื“ื™ืคื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื™ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื’ื ื‘ืขืจื›ืื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ื™ื•ืช" (31/8/2011).

ืขื‘ืจ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ, ื•ื‘ืžื”ืœื›ื• ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื™ืฃ ืืช ืฉืชื™ ื”ืขืชื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื ื™ืงืจื• ื‘ื“ืจื›ื• ืžื›ืœ ื”ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ืคืจื•ืก ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื™ื ื™ืฉ, ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ืช ืขื“ื ื” ืืจื‘ืœ, ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืฉืจ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื ืืžืŸ ื•ื”ืฉืจ ืžืฉื” ื›ื—ืœื•ืŸ, ื•ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื ื™ืืœ ืื“ืจื™, ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืขืฆืžื ื ืชื‘ืขื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืคืฉืขื™ื ื ื’ื“ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื•ื™ืกืงื•ื ืกื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ื ื™ ื’'ืจื–ื™.

ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง ืžื•ืงื“ืฉื™ื ืœืจื™ืงื‘ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜. ืกืงืจื™ื ืžืจืื™ื ืฉื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื•ื ื ืืช ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜, ื•ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ืžืืžื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื‘ื™ื™ื ื™ืฉ ื•ืœืืจื‘ืœ, ื•ื›ื ืจืื” ื’ื ืœื ืœื’ืจื•ื ื™ืก. ืžื“ื•ืข ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืžื™ืข ื–ืขืงืชื ื“ืจืš ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืฉืœ ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช? ื”ืื ื‘ื™ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœื ื”ืžื™ื˜ื” ืงืœื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช?

ืืคื™ืœื• ืื–ื›ื•ืจ ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื‘ื™ื ื™ืฉ ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืžืขื•ืจืจ ืžืื•ืช ื˜ื•ืงื‘ืงื™ื ื‘ื’ื ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื“ื•ืจื™ืช ื‘ื™ื ื™ืฉ. ืœื ื™ืฉื›ื— ืœื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื–ื›ืชื” ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืžืคื•ืงืคืง ืฉืœ ืงื‘ืœืช ื ืขืœ ืฉื”ื•ืฉืœื›ื” ืขืœ ืจืืฉื” ื‘ืคืจื”ืกื™ื”. ื›ืœ ืื–ื›ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื "ื‘ื™ืช ืžืฉืคื˜" ืื• "ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื" ืžืขื•ืจืจ ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืชื—ื•ืฉื•ืช ื’ื•ืขืœ ื•ืกืœื™ื“ื”. ืื ื”ื ืขืœ ืœื ื”ื™ื•ื•ืชื” ืชืžืจื•ืจ ืื–ื”ืจื” ืœื”ืชื“ืจื“ืจื•ืช ืžืขืžื“ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉืœ ืื˜ื™ืžื•ืชื• ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช, ืื•ืœื™ ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ื”ื’ืจื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ ื™ื“ืจื‘ื ื• ืืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื ื›ื ืก ื’ืจื•ื ื™ืก ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืงืฉ.

ื‘ืืœื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื— ืขื•ืชืจื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ืœื›ืœ ื”ืจื•ื—ื•ืช

ื›ืื™ืœื• ืฉื‘ื™ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœื ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื” ื“ื‘ืจ, ืื• ืฉืžื” ืฉื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื” ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื‘ื™ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ ืขืœ ืคืœื ื˜ื” ืื—ืจืช, ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ ืกื™ืœืง ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืฉืชื™ ืขืชื™ืจื•ืช. ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืขืชื™ืจืชื” ืฉืœ ืœื•ืจื™ ืฉื ื˜ื•ื‘, ื‘ื’"ืฅ 4613/11, ืื™ืžื ืฉื™ืœื“ื™ื” ื ื—ื˜ืคื• ืžืžื ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื”. ื‘ืžื•ืงื“ ื”ืขืชื™ืจื” ืขืžื“ื” ืฉืืœืช ื”ื™ื—ืก ื”ืคื˜ืจื ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืœืžืฉืคื—ื” ื•ื ื•ืขืจ, ื”ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœืคืงื™ื“ื•ืช ืกืขื“ ื™ื“ ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช ืœื”ืชืขืจื‘ ื‘ืื•ื˜ื•ื ื•ืžื™ื” ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ืช, ื•ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžื”ื•ืจื™ื”ื ืœืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื•ืื•ืžื ื•ืช, ืืฉืจ ื ื•ื’ืกื™ื ื‘ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืžืคืจื ืกื™ื ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืฉืœืžื” ืฉืœ ืขืœื•ืงื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ืื™ื ื ื• ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื‘ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืขืฆืžื ืื• ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ืชื ื”ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ืช.

ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ืจืฆื•ื’ ื›ืฉืจ ืจื•ื•ื—ื”, ืฉืžืขื ื• ืฉืคืงื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืกืขื“ ืžืงื‘ืœื•ืช ื‘ื•ื ื•ืกื™ื ืžื”ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืืœื™ื”ื ื ื—ื˜ืคื™ื ื™ืœื“ื™ื. ื‘ืžืจืฅ 2011 ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื• ืคืงื™ื“ื•ืช ืกืขื“ ื™ืœื“ื” ื‘ืช 14 ืžื”ื•ืจื™ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืžื•ืขื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื” ื—ื‘ืจ ืขืจื‘ื™. ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื•ืœื ื ื‘ืจื, ืื‘ืœ ืฉื•ืคื˜ ื”ื ื•ืขืจ ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ืฉื“ืžื™ ืื™ืฉืจ ืืช ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื”ื ืขืจื” ืœืžืงืœื˜ ื—ื™ืจื•ื ื›ื—ื•ืชืžืช ื’ื•ืžื™. ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 2011, ืื™ืžื ืฉื™ืœื“ื™ื” ื ื—ื˜ืคื• ืœืื•ืžื ื” ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืœืžืฉืคื—ื” ืืกืจ ืขืœื™ื” ืœื”ืชืจืื•ืช ืขื ื™ืœื“ื™ื”, ื”ืœื›ื” ืœืจืื•ืช ืื•ืชื, ื•ื ืขืฆืจื”.ย ื‘ืžืขืฆืจ ืžืจื•ื‘ ืœื—ืฅ ื•ืคื—ื“, ื”ืคื™ืœื” ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืฉื ืฉืื” ื‘ืจื—ืžื”.

ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื• ื ืขืจ, ืืœื•ืฃ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื’'ื•ื“ื• ืžืฉื ื™ ื”ื•ืจื™ื• ืœืœื ืกื™ื‘ื”. ืืชืจื™ื ืฉืœืžื™ื ืžื•ืงื“ืฉื™ื ืœื—ืฉื™ืคืช ื”ื”ืชืขืœืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ืื•ืžื ื”, ื•ืžืขืœืœื™ื”ืŸ ืฉืœ ืคืงื™ื“ื•ืช ืกืขื“, ื”ืžืชื ื›ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื ื•ืžืื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ื›ื•ื—ืŸ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช. ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื” ื”ืกื™ื˜ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื”ืคืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืกื›ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ืœืคื™ื”ื ื™ืฉ ืœืฉืงื ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืืฆืœ ื”ื•ืจื™ื”ื, ืื• ืืฆืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื”ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ืช. ืืช ื”ืฉืจ ื›ื—ืœื•ืŸ ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ. ืจืง ืื ื˜ื ื•ืช ืกืœื•ืœืจื™ื•ืช ืžืขื™ื™ื ื•ืช ืื•ืชื•. ื’ื ืืช ื”ื‘ื’"ืฅ ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ.

ื”ืืžื ืฉื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืžื ืชืง ืžื™ืœื“ื™ื”

ืœื•ืจื™ ืฉื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ืื•ืชืŸ ืืžื”ื•ืช ื•ืื•ืชื ื”ื•ืจื™ื, ืฉืื™ื‘ื“ื• ื›ืœ ืื™ืžื•ืŸ ื‘ืคืงื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืกืขื“, ื•ื”ืŸ ืžื™ื™ื—ืœื•ืช ืœื™ื•ื ื‘ื• ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ื‘ื”ืฉืืจืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขื ื”ื•ืจื™ื”ื. ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื— ืืช ืœื•ืจื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืชื” ื‘ื‘ื•ืฉืช ืคื ื™ื. ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืขื’ื• ืœื” ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื” ื›ืกืฃ ืœืžืžืŸ ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื, ืฉื™ืคืงื—ื• ืขืœ ืžืคื’ืฉื™ื” ืขื ื™ืœื“ื™ื”.

ื‘ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ, ื ืื•ืจ ื—ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืœืฆืจ, ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื• ืœืื™ืžื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ืœ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื›ืš ืฉื™ืœื“ื™ื ื™ื™ืฉืืจื• ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืขื ื”ื•ืจื™ื”ื ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื. ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ืฆื™ื˜ื˜ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ืช ืฉื˜ื•ืคืžืŸ (ื‘ื•ื’ืจืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืœืžืฉืคื—ื”, ืจ"ื’): "ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ืžืคื’ืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืงื˜ื™ื ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืืžื, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื”".

ืœื ื•, ืœื ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืžื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ืœื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœืืžื ืฉืœื”ื. ืžื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืื•ืชื” ืคืงื™ื“ืช ืกืขื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืชืจื•ื? ืขื•ื“ ื˜ืขื ื• ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ืฉ"ื ืฉื•ื ื”ืขืชื™ืจื” ืžืกื•ืจ ืœืกืžื›ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื‘ืชื™ ืžืฉืคื˜ ืื—ืจื™ื", ื”ื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืงืฉื” ืฆื• ื”ืžื•ืจื” ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” "ืœื”ืคื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืงื˜ื™ื ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืืžื", ื•"ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืงื˜ื™ื ื™ื ืœืžืฉืžื•ืจืชื”".

ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ืช ื ืื•ืจ, ืื™ืฉื”, ืกื™ืจื‘ื” ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืฆื• ื”ืžื•ืจื” ืœื”ืคื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืžื ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื”. ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ืช ื’ื ืกื™ืจื‘ื” ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื” ืœืคืชื—ื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื’"ืฅ, ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืงืœื•ืงืœืช ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช, ืชื•ืš ื ื™ืชื•ืง ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ื ื ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื”ื. ื‘ืชืืจื™ืš 20/9/2011 ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ืช ื ืื•ืจ ืฉืœื—ื” ืืช ื”ืื™ืžื ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืื•ืชื• ื‘ื™ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ ืœืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉื”ืชืขืœืœ ื‘ื”, ืœื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืกื™ื•ืŸ, ืฉื•ืคื˜ืช ืื˜ื•ืžื” ื•ืื›ื–ืจื™ืช. ื”ืื™ืžื ื ืฉืืจื” ืžื ื•ืชืงืช ืžื™ืœื“ื™ื”.

ื”ืงื˜ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืžื ืชืง ืžืื‘ื™ื•

ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืื—ืจ ื›ืš, ื ื“ื—ืชื” ืขืชื™ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ืงื˜ื™ืŸ ื ' ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื”, ื‘ื’"ืฆ 211/11 ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ืœืงื™ื™ื ืžืคื’ืฉื™ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืžืฆืขื™ื™ื ืขื ืื‘ื™ื•, ืฉืœื ื“ืจืš "ืžืจื›ื– ืงืฉืจ". ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื’ื ื›ืืŸ, ื”ืขื•ืชืจ ื•ืื‘ื™ื• ื”ื ื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ ืื•ืœืžื” ืฉืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืกื™ื•ืŸ. ื™ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ืฉืœืฉื•ืคื˜ืช ื–ื• ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื ื™ืชื•ืงื™ ืื‘ื•ืช ืžื‘ื ื™ื. ื‘ืฉื ืช 2005 ื”ืชืœื•ื ื ื• ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ืกื ื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืžืื™ื ื“ื™ืื ื” ื•ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื” ื ื’ื“ ืฉื•ืคื˜ืช ื–ื• ืืฉืจ ื”ืชืขืœืœื” ื‘ืื‘ื ืืžืจื™ืงืื™, ืื•ื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื˜ืงื™ื ืก.

ื”ืชืœื•ื ื•ืช, ื‘ืžื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜ื™, ืœื ืจืง ืฉืœื ื”ื•ืขื™ืœื•, ืืœื ืฉื”ื ื”ื—ืจื™ืคื• ืืช ย ืจืžืช ื”ืื˜ื™ืžื•ืช ื•ื”ื—ื™ืฉื• ืืช ืงืฆื‘ ื ื™ืชื•ืงื™ ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืžื™ืœื“ื™ื”ื.

ืœืขืชื™ืจื” ื–ื• ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื• ืขื•ื“ 29 ืื‘ื•ืช ื’ืจื•ืฉื™ื. ื›ื•ืœื ื˜ืขื ื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืœื ืชืง ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžืื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื, ืฉืคืงื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืกืขื“ ืžื•ื˜ื•ืช ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื ืฉื™ื, ืžืชืขืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืื‘ื•ืช, ื•ืžืคืจื™ืขื•ืช ืœืื‘ื•ืช ืžืœืžืžืฉ ืืช ื”ื•ืจื•ืชื ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื“ืคื” ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช ืœื›ืœ ืื™ืฉื” ื‘ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื ืื™ืฉื”.

ื ื˜ืขืŸ ืฉืคืงื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืกืขื“ ืื™ื ืŸ ื ื™ื™ื˜ืจืืœื™ื•ืช, ืฉื”ืŸ ืžืœื‘ื•ืช ื™ืฆืจื™ื, ืžืชืกื™ืกื•ืช, ืžืขื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื ืฆื—ืช ื”ืกื›ืกื•ืš ื”ื”ื•ืจื™, ื•ืืฃ ืžื™ื™ืขืฆื•ืช ืœื ืฉื™ื ืœื”ืชืœื•ื ืŸ ื ื’ื“ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืฉื˜ืจื”. ืฉื•ื‘, ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืชื‘ืงืฉ ืœื”ืฆื”ื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืืžื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ื—ืชื•ืžื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื—ื™ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื” ืฉื’ื ืœืื‘ื ื™ืฉ ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืงืฉืจ ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ ื•ืžืงืกื™ืžืืœื™ ืขื ื™ืœื“ื™ื• ืœืœื ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืช ืื• ื”ืคืจืขื” ืฉืœื˜ื•ื ื™ืช.

ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื•ืฆื“ืง ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ื™ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ื ืชื‘ืงืฉ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื›ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื›ื™ืจื” ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ืื‘ื•ืช ืœืงืฉืจ ืขื ื™ืœื“ื™ื”ื ืžื›ื•ื— ืื‘ื”ื•ืชื, ื›ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืจื—ื‘, ื•ื›ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืืžื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืขื’ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื—ื™ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœ ืงืฉืจ ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ ื•ืจืฆื•ืฃ ืขื ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœืœื ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื˜ื•ื ื™ืช (ื‘ื’"ืฅ 2111/11).

ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ, ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืขืžื™ืช, ืกื™ืจื‘ ื‘ืžื•ืคื’ืŸ ืœื”ืฆื”ื™ืจ ื›ืžื‘ื•ืงืฉ, ื”ื™ืชืžื ื•ื˜ืขืŸ ืฉืœื ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ืœื• ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ืขืชื™ืจื”, ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื”ืฆื”ืจื” ืฉืœืื‘ื ื™ืฉ ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื•, ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืคื’ื ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืื‘ื ืœื ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื™ืœื“ื• ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื, ื•ืฉืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืงืฉืจ ื”ื ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ืจื›ื™ื ื’ื ืœืื‘ื•ืช ื ื•ืจืžื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื. ืœืกื™ื•ื, ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ ืขืžื™ืช ื”ื™ืคื ื” ืืช ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืœืžืžืฉ ืืช ื”ื•ืจื•ืชื ืœื—ืกื“ื™ื”ืŸ ืฉืœ ืคืงื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืกืขื“.

ื™ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื”, ื”ืฉืจ ื›ื—ืœื•ืŸ, ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืžื•ื“ืข ืœืงื™ื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขืชื™ืจื”, ื•ื›ื ืจืื” ืฉืคืจืงืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื’"ืฆื™ื ื”ืกืชื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ืขืชื™ืจื” ืžืžื ื•. ื‘ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืขื“ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื˜ืขืŸ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2011, ื‘ื™ื•ื ื‘ื• ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืื•ืช ืžื•ืคืช ืžืื•ืž"ืฅ, ืฉื”ืขืชื™ืจื” ืœื ื”ื•ื‘ืื” ืœื™ื“ื™ืขืชื•, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื ืคืชื—ื” ื‘ืžืจืฅ 2011. ื›ื ืจืื” ืฉื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืฉืจ ืื™ื ื ื• ืžืžืฉ ื–ื•ื›ืจ, ืื‘ืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื™ื•ืœื™ื” ื‘ืจืงื•ื‘ื™ืฅ' ืฉืžืืœื•ื‘ ื˜ื•ืขื ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ื›ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืืช ื”ืขืชื™ืจื” ืœื™ื“ื™ืขืชื•, ืžืกืคืจ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ, ื•ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ืœื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ.

ื”ืคืจืงืœื™ื˜ื”, ืฉื•ืฉ ืฉืžื•ืืœื™ ื”ืกืชื™ืจื” ืืช ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื” ืœืขืชื™ืจื” ืžื‘"ื› ื”ืขื•ืชืจื™ื, ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉื›ื—ื” ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืืช ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ืคืจืงืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ืœืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ. ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื, ื—ื•ืฅ ืžืคืจืงืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื’"ืฆื™ื ื•ื”ื‘ื’"ืฅ ื‘ืขืฆืžื•, ืื™ืŸ ืืฃ ืื–ืจื— ืฉื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื” ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ืœืขืชื™ืจื”.

ื‘ืชืฉืจื™ ื ืชืŸ ื”ื“ืงืœ โ€“ ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื ื’ื“ ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ

ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ืฆื˜ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืจืื™ื™ืช ืžืฆื•ืงื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื–ืจื—, ื”ืขืจื™ืžื• ื›ืœ ืžื›ืฉื•ืœ ืืคืฉืจื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืื’ืจื•ืช, ืขื™ืจื‘ื•ื ื•ืช, ืกื—ื‘ืช ื ื•ืจืื™ืช, ื•ืื•ืกืฃ ืชืงื“ื™ืžื™ื ืœืคื™ื”ื ื”ืื–ืจื— ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืชืžื™ื“ ืžืคืกื™ื“, ื”ืืžื™ื ื• ืฉื“ื™ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื‘ื™ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืคื™ื–ืจื” ื›ืžื” ื”ืฆื”ืจื•ืช ืœืœื ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ืขืœ ืจื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ืžืขืชื” ื•ืื™ืœืš, ื•ื”ืžื—ืื” ืชืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืืœื™ื”. ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ืฉื›ื—ื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜, ืืฉืจ ื ืืœืฅ ืœื‘ืจื•ื— ืžื›ืืŸ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื’ื•ืคื ื•ืืช ื ืคืฉื, ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืœืžืฉืคื—ื” ื”ืจืกื• ืœื”ื ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื. ืืœื” ื’ื™ืœื• ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืคื“ืจืืœื™ื™ื ืœืคื™ื”ื ืžื™ ืฉืžื‘ืฆืข ืคืฉืขื™ื ื ื’ื“ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ, ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื—ืกื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘. ื›ืš ื ืชื‘ืขื• ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื™ืืกืจ ืขืจืคืืช ื•ืื—ืžื™ื ื™ื’'ืื“. ื”ื•ื—ืœื˜ ืฉืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืชื•ืจื ืฉืœ ืืจื‘ืœ, ื ืืžืŸ, ื›ื—ืœื•ืŸ, ื•ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื ื™ืืœ ืื“ืจื™.

ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื”, 27/9/2011, ื”ื•ื’ืฉื” ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ ื”ืคื“ืจืืœื™ ื‘ืžืขืจื‘ ื•ื™ืกืงื•ื ืกื™ืŸ, ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘, ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ืกืš ืขืฉืจื™ื ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ, ื ื’ื“ ืคืจื•ืค' ื™ืขืงื‘ ื ืืžืŸ, ืฉืจ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื, ื•ืžืฉื” ื›ื—ืœื•ืŸ, ืฉืจ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืคื•ื’ืขื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื™ื” ืžื’ื“ืจื™ืช ื›ื ื’ื“ ืื‘ื•ืช ื’ืจื•ืฉื™ื, ื”ืชืขืœืœื•ืช ืžืชืžืฉื›ืช, ืฉื™ื˜ืชื™ืช ื•ื–ื“ื•ื ื™ืช, ื•ื”ืคืจืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื“ื. ื™ื•ื–ืžื™ ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื• ืฉื”ื™ื ื—ืœืง ื‘ืกื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืฉื™ื•ื’ืฉื• ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ื›ื ื’ื“ ืฉืจื™ื ื•ืžืžืœืื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืข"ื™ ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื ื”ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื• ื ืคื’ืขื• ืžืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ื›ื™ ืžื•ื™ืกืงื•ื ืกื™ืŸ ื•ื ื™ื•ืืจืง ืชืฆื ืชื•ืจื”?

ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืง ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ื”ืžืงื ื” ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื•ืžื’ืŸ ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ืคืฉืขื™ื ื ื’ื“ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช, ื•ื”ืคืจื” ืฉืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื–ืจื— ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช. ืœืื—ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืžืฉืคื˜ ืžืฉื•ื•ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ื”ื’ืจื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืขื•ืžืช ืฉืืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ื”ืคืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืื‘ื•ืช ื’ืจื•ืฉื™ื ืื• ืคืจื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ืคืฉืขื™ื ื ื’ื“ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ ื›ื™ ืื•ืชื ื ืชื‘ืขื™ื ืื—ืจืื™ื ืœื”ืคืจื•ืช ืฉื™ื˜ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืกืคืจ ืืžื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ื—ืชืžื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืžื ื•ืช ืืœื•, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืืžื ื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ืœื“, ื”ืืžื ื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ื˜ื™ืคื•ืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ื•ื’ื ื”ืืžื ื” ืœื‘ื™ืขื•ืจ ืืคืœื™ื” ื ื’ื“ ื ืฉื™ื, ืืฉืจ ืื•ืกืจืช ืขืœ ื™ื—ืก ืžืคืœื” ื’ื ื›ื ื’ื“ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื, ื˜ื™ืคื•ื— ืกื˜ืจื™ืื•ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ื ื’ื“ื, ืื• ืงื™ื‘ื•ืข ืฉืœ ืกื˜ืจื™ืื•ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ื›ืืœื• ื‘ื—ื•ืง, ื•ืืžื ืช ื”ืื•"ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช, ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื•ืช.

ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืžืคืจื˜ืช ื‘ืืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืžืืจื’ ืฉืœ ื—ืงื™ืงื” ืื ื˜ื™-ืื‘ื”ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืžื•ื ื” ืกื“ืจื” ืืจื•ื›ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืžืคืœื™ื, ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื—ื–ืงืช ื”ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืจืš, ื”ืงื•ื‘ืขืช ื›ื™ ืžืงื•ืžื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืืฆืœ ื”ืื, ืœืœื ื›ืœ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื”, ื•ื’ื ืื ื˜ื•ื‘ืชื ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืื—ืจืช, ื—ื–ืงื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืคื™ืงืฆื™ื” ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช ืืฉืจ ื‘ื•ื˜ืœื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื—ื•ืง ื”ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืคื•ื˜ืจ ื ืฉื™ื ืžื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื›ืœืฉื”ื™ ื‘ืขื•ืœ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืฉืœ ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื”ืŸ, ื•ื›ืŸ ืฉื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืงื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ืคืกื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืžืงืฉื™ื ืขืœ ืื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœืœ, ื•ืขืœ ืื‘ื•ืช ื’ืจื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ืคืจื˜, ืœืžืžืฉ ืืช ื”ื•ืจื•ืชื ื•ืžืคืœื” ืื•ืชื ืœืจืขื” ืœืขื•ืžืช ืืžื”ื•ืช.

ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืกื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ืชืงื™ื ื” ืกื™ืžื•ื ื” ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืžืฅ, ืคืงื™ื“ืช ื”ืกืขื“ ื”ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื‘ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืฉืจ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื”, ืขืœ ืคื™ื”ืŸ ืœื ื–ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืงื‘ื™ืขื” ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช ืฉืœ ื”ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืœืื‘ื•ืช, ื•ื”ื›ืจื” ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืชื ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื•ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ืœืงืฉืจ ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™, ืžืœื ื•ืœืœื ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื˜ื•ื ื™ื•ืช, ืืœื ืฉื”ื ืชื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื™ื›ืœืœื• ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื‘ืœืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื‘ื•ืช, ืœื”ืชืขืœืœื•ืช ืžืžืฉื™ืช, ืคื™ืกื™ืช, ื ืคืฉื™ืช ื•ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื‘ืื‘ื•ืช, ืžืชื•ืš ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ "ืจื™ืฆื•ื™ ืžืื•ื•ื™ ื”ืื™ืฉื”". ื›ืš ืœืžืฉืœ ื ืฉืœื—ื™ื ืื‘ื•ืช ืœืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื”ืคื ื™ื•ืช ืกื™ื˜ื•ื ืื™ื•ืช ืœืคื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืขื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืชื—ืช ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื‘ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืฉืœ 4.5 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ โ‚ช.

ื”ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืžืกืงื ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืืช ื”ื ื•ื”ื’ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื‘ื ื”ื’ืจื•ืฉ ื›ืžื›ื•ื ื” ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื›ืกืฃ. ื™ืฉ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื ืืžืŸ ื•ื›ื—ืœื•ืŸ "ืื‘ื ื”ื•ื ืœื ื›ืกืคื•ืžื˜". ื”ืชื•ื‘ืข ื‘ื•ื™ืกืงื•ื ืกื™ืŸ, ื“ื•ื“ ื•ื™ื™ืกืงื•ืคืฃ, ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ืชื‘ื™ืขืชื• ื›ื™ ื”ื ืชื‘ืขื™ื ืื—ืจืื™ื ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ื— ื•ืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื™ ื”ื›ืจื” ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ืฉืœ ืื‘ื•ืช ื’ืจื•ืฉื™ื ืœืงืฉืจ ืขื ื™ืœื“ื™ื”ื, ื›ืืฉืจ ืื‘ื•ืช ืžื ื•ืชืงื™ื ื‘ืฉืจื™ืจื•ืชื™ื•ืช, ื•ืืฃ ื‘ื–ื“ื•ืŸ, ืžื™ืœื“ื™ื”ื ื›ืœืื—ืจ ื™ื“ ื•ืœืžืฉืš ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืกื‘ืœื•ืช, ื‘ืขื•ื“ื ื ื—ืฉืคื™ื ืœืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ืื˜ื•ืžื™ื ืฉืขื•ืœื‘ื™ื ื‘ื”ื, ืœื•ืขื’ื™ื ืœื”ื, ืงื•ื ืกื™ื ืื•ืชื ื‘ืืœืคื™ ื•ืืฃ ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ืฉืงืœื™ื, ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ื ื’ื“ื ืฆื•ื•ื™ ืžืขืฆืจ ืฉืจื™ืจื•ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ืฆื“ ืื—ื“, ืžืจื•ืฉืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื, ื•ืžืฉืœื™ื›ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืœื—ืกื“ื™ื”ืŸ ืฉืœ ืคืงื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืกืขื“, ืืฉืจ ืžืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื›ืœืคื™ื”ื ื‘ืขืจื™ืฆื•ืช ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื• ืงืฆื™ื ื•ืช ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช.

ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืชื‘ืขื™ื ืžืฆื•ื™ื•ืช ื’ื ืžืกืคืจ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ืกื•ืฆื™ืืœื™ื•ืช, ืคืงื™ื“ื•ืช ืกืขื“ ืœืกื“ืจื™ ื“ื™ืŸ, ืืฉืจ ื˜ื™ืคืœื• ื‘ืชื™ืงื• ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ื‘ืข ื•ื ื˜ืขืŸ ืฉื”ืŸ ืžื ืขื• ื•ื—ื™ื‘ืœื• ื‘ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืœื“ื™ื•, ืชื•ืš ืฉื‘ื™ืฆืขื• ื ื’ื“ื• ืจืฆื— ืื•ืคื™, ื”ื˜ื™ื—ื• ืขืœื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืœื”ื™ื˜ื• ื™ืฆืจื™ื. ื‘ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื™ื ื›ื™ "ืขืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื”ื˜ื™ื” ื”ืžื’ื“ืจื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ืช ืขืœื™ื” ืื—ืจืื™ื ื”ืฉืจื™ื ื”ื ืชื‘ืขื™ื, ืžืชื ื•ืกืก ื“ื’ืœ ืฉื—ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืื™ ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช, ื”ืคืจื•ืช ืฉื™ื˜ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืžื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช, ื•ื”ืชืขืœืžื•ืช ืžื•ืคื’ื ืช ืžืฆืขืจื ื•ื”ืกื‘ืœ ืฉืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื–ื• ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืคืงื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืกืขื“ ื”ื›ืคื•ืคื•ืช ืœืฉืจ ื›ื—ืœื•ืŸ, ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืงื™ ื•ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื”ืคืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ื•ืจืžื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื›ื—ืœื•ืŸ ื•ื ืืžืŸ, ืืจื‘ืœ ื•ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืžืฅ ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ืžืกืข ืฆืœื‘ ื ื’ื“ ื›ืœ ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ื”ื’ืจื•ืฉื™ื, ื”ืคืจื•ื“ื™ื ื•ืงื•ืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื’ื ื™ื‘ืช ื”ื–ืจืข, ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื ืืžื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืคืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื”ืจื“ื™ืงืœื™ื™ื ".

ื”ืชื•ื‘ืข, ื•ื™ื™ืกืงื•ืคืฃ, ืื–ืจื— ื“ื•-ืœืื•ืžื™, ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื•ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ื™ืœื™ื“ ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื•ื ืกื™ืŸ, ื’ื“ืœ ื›ื™ืชื•ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืชื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืงื’ื•, ื•ืžืฉื‘ื’ืจ ื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ื—ื™ื™ื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ืฉืœ ืื™ืœื™ื ื•ื™ ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื‘ื•ืช ื•ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ื”ื•ืกืžืš ื›ื”ื•ืจื” ืื•ืžื ื”. ืื•ืœื ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืชื• ืจื‘ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ื•ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœื ืขื–ืจื” ืœื• ืžืฉืขืœื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืืฉืชื• ื‘ื™ืงืฉื” ืœื”ืชื’ืจืฉ. ืขืœ ืคื™ ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื”ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืืœื™ื• ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืœืžืฉืคื—ื” ื•ืืฆืœ ืคืงื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืกืขื“ ืžืชื•ืืจืช ื›ื”ืชืขืœืœื•ืช ื”ืคื•ื’ืขืช ื‘ื•, ื‘ื’ื•ืคื•, ื ืคืฉื• ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื•, ื•ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื•, ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ืœื“ื™ื•. "ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื’ื•ื ื ืช ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื”, ื•ืื™ื ื” ืคืชื•ื—ื” ืœื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, ืืš ื‘ืฆืจ ืœื™, ื•ื‘ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืžืขื ื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืขืœื™ ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœืขื–ืจืช ื”ื—ื•ืง ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืคืฉืขื™ื ื ื’ื“ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ ื‘ืขื ื™ื ื™ื ืืœื• ืฉืœ ืืคืœื™ื” ื‘ื—ืกื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืง ื›ื ื’ื“ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ื•ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉืื ืœื ืื•ื›ืœ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื™ืœื“ื™ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื•ืœืœื ื”ืคืจืขื” ื•ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื˜ื•ื ื™ืช, ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืืœื• ืฉืžื ืขื• ื–ืืช ืžืžื ื™ ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืœืฉืœื ืžื—ื™ืจ ื›ืกืคื™ ื›ื‘ื“", ืื•ืžืจ ื”ืชื•ื‘ืข.

ื‘ื ื™ื• ื’'ืจื–ื™ ื•ื‘ื”ืื’ ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ื”ืคื›ื” ืžืงืœื˜ ืœื ืฉื™ื ื—ื•ื˜ืคื•ืช

ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ื‘ื ื™ื• ื’'ืจื–ื™ ื”ื•ื’ืฉื” ื ื’ื“ ื ืืžืŸ, ื›ื—ืœื•ืŸ, ื›ื‘' ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ืช ืขื“ื ื” ืืจื‘ืœ, ื•ืื‘"ื“ ื“ื ื™ืืœ ืื“ืจื™ ื•ืคืงื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืกืขื“ ืกื™ืžื•ื ื” ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืžืฅ, ื‘ืชื™ื” ืืจื˜ืžืŸ, ื•ื ื™ื‘ื” ืžื™ืœื ืจ, ื•ื”ืคืขื ื™ืฉื ื ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื ืฉืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื. ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืฉืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื, ืืฉืจ ืชื•ื‘ืข ืืช ืขื“ื ื” ืืจื‘ืœ, ื”ื™ื•ืช ื•ื–ื• ืงื‘ืขื” ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ืชื• ื”ื—ื˜ื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื ืœื ืชื•ื—ื–ืจ ืœืืจื”"ื‘, ืžืชื•ืš ืžืฉื•ื ืคื ื™ื ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื ืฉื™ื, ืชื•ืš ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืืช ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืžืงื•ื ืžืงืœื˜ ืœื ืฉื™ื ื—ื•ื˜ืคื•ืช, ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืชืจืฉื•ืช ื—ื–ืงืช ื”ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืจืš ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืžืœืื›ืช ื ื™ืชื•ืง ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžืื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื.

ื‘ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ืžืกืคืจ ืื‘ื•ืช ืืฉืจ ื ืฉื•ืชื™ื”ื ื—ื˜ืคื• ืืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื”ื ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื‘ืืจืฅ ืกื™ืจื‘ ืœื›ื‘ื“ ืืช ืืžื ืช ื”ืื’ ื•ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ื—ื˜ื•ืคื™ื ืœืืจืฆื•ืช ืžื•ืฆืื. ืืจื‘ืœ ืœืžืฉืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื” ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื. ืืจื‘ืœ ื˜ืขื ื” ืฉืžื™ ืฉื‘ื ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื”ืขื™ื“, ื•ืžืกื›ื™ื ืœื ื”ืœ ืžื•"ืž ื™ืฉ ืœืจืื•ืชื• ื›ืžื™ ืฉื•ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื˜ืขื ืช ื”ื—ื˜ื™ืคื”.

ื”ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืžื•ืคืจื›ืช ื”ื–ื• ื—ื˜ืคื” ืงื™ืชื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื‘ื ื™ื• ื’'ืจื–ื™. ืข"ื™ ื›ื‘' ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ืช ืžื™ื–ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื’ื ืœืžื•ืกื“ ื”ืžืคืงื— ืขืœ ืืžื ืช ื”ืื’ ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื”ืชื™ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืืจื‘ืœ ื›ืื‘ืŸ ื ื’ืฃ. ืžื•ืžื—ื™ ืืžื ืช ื”ืื’ ืฉื•ืงื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ืขืœ ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืงื•ืœ ืœื’ื™ืฉื•ืจ ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ื‘ืžืคื’ืฉื™ื ื”ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืžืœื˜ื”. ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžืœื˜ื” ืœื’ื™ืฉื•ืจ ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ื‘ื—ื˜ื™ืคื•ืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืกื›ื ื” ืœืื•ืจ ื”ืชืงื“ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื–ืจ ืฉืœ ืืจื‘ืœ. ื‘ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืขื•ื“ ื›ืžื” ืื‘ื•ืช, ื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืชืœื•ื ื” ื ื’ื“ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื’ื ืœืžื•ืกื“ ื”ืžืคืงื— ื‘ื”ืื’.

ื˜ืขื ืช ื‘ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื ื›ื™ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืชื—ืช ื”ืฉื’ื—ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืจ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื ืืžืŸ ื ื’ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืžืฉื•ื ืคื ื™ื ื•ื”ืคืœื™ื™ื” ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื ืฉื™ื, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ ืขืงื‘ ื—ื–ืงืช ื”ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืจืš, ื•ื›ืŸ ืขืงื‘ ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ืช ืคืจืงืœื™ื˜ื•ืช 2.5 ืืฉืจ ื ื•ืกื—ื” ืข"ื™ ื”ื ืชื‘ืขืช ืืจื‘ืœ, ื•ืืฉืจ ืžืขื•ื“ื“ืช ื ืฉื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืชืœื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื•ื•ื ื ื’ื“ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืœื ื›ืœ ื—ืฉืฉ. ื‘ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื, ื ืืœืฅ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ืขื™ื“ ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื—ื˜ื™ืคื”, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืœืžืฉืคื—ื” ืœื ืื™ืฉืจ ืœื• ืขื“ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ื—ืช ื•ื™ื“ืื•, ื•ื›ืืŸ ื˜ืžื ื• ืœื• ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืžืœื›ื•ื“ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ืฆื ื ื’ื“ื• ืฆื• ืžืขืฆืจ ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ืฆื“ ืื—ื“, ื•ืฆื• ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืžื”ืืจืฅ, ื•ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื—ื•ื˜ืคืช ืคืชื—ื” ื ื’ื“ื• ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืœืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืœื’ื˜.

ื‘ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื ื ืืœืฅ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ืฉืืจื™ืช ื›ืกืคื• ืขืœ ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ, ื ืชืงืข ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ 4 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื, ื•ืขืกืงื™ื• ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ื”ืชืžื•ื˜ื˜ื• ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ื•ื ืกื’ืจื•, ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืงื‘ืขื” ื›ื‘' ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ืช ืืจื‘ืœ, ื›ื™ ื”ืกื›ืžืชื• ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ืืฉืจ ืœื ื”ื‘ืฉื™ืœ, ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื”ืกื›ืžื” ืœื—ื˜ื™ืคื”. ืžืฉื—ื–ืจ ืœืืจื”"ื‘, ืงื‘ืขื” ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ืช ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช, ื‘ื•ื ื™ ืžื™ื–ื“ื•ืœ ื›ื™ ืืจื‘ืœ ืคืกืงื” ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื›ืœ ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ, ืœื ืคืกืงื” ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืคื ื™ื”, ื•ืฉืคืกืงื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื™ื ื ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื›ืจื” ืื• ืื›ื™ืคื” ื‘ื ื™ื• ื’'ืจื–ื™.

ืœื˜ืขื ืช ื‘ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื, ืžืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื˜ืžื ื• ืœื• ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืžืœื›ื•ื“ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ืฆื• ืžืขืฆืจ ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ืฆื“ ืื—ื“, ื•ืฆื• ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืฉื’ื ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืฆื ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ืฆื“ ืื—ื“. ืžืฉืคื’ ื”ืฆื•, ื”ื•ื ื™ืฆื ืžื”ืืจืฅ, ืื‘ืœ ื›ื ืงืžื” ื‘ื•, ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื ื™ืืœ ืื“ืจื™, ืฉื’ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืชื‘ืขื™ื, ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืฆื•ื•ื™ื ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ ื ื’ื“ ืื‘ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื‘ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ื”ืชืขืœืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉ. ืžืžืฉ ื›ืš ืงืจื” ื’ื ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืชื™ืงื™ ื—ื˜ื™ืคื” ืื—ืจื™ื. ื ื˜ืขืŸ ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื”, ืฉื”ืžื ื™ืข ืœื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ื, ื”ื•ื ืคื—ื“ ืคืŸ ื™ืื‘ื“ื• ืืช ืžืฉืจืชื, ืื ื™ืคืกืงื• ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื’ื‘ืจ.

ืฉืืจ ื”ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื, ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื ื”ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื ื›ื™ ื ื—ืฉืคื• ืœื”ืคืจื•ืช ืฉื™ื˜ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื–ืจื— ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช, ืชื•ืš ืฉื”ื ืชื‘ืขื™ื ื”ืชืขืœืœื• ื‘ื”ื, ืื• ืื—ืจืื™ื ืœื”ืชืขืœืœื•ืช ืžืกื™ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ื”ื ื•ื‘ื™ืœื“ื™ื”ื, ืžื ืขื• ืžื”ื ืงืฉืจ ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื”ื, ื”ื˜ื™ืœื• ืขืœื™ื”ื ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืกื‘ืœื™ื,ื•ื‘ืœืชื™ ืื ื•ืฉื™ื™ื, ื—ืฉืคื• ืื•ืชื ืœืžืขืฆืจื™ื, ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช, ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช, ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืข, ื•ื ืชืง ืžื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ื”ืชืจื•ืฉืฉื•ืช ื•ื˜ืจืื•ืžื•ืช ื ืคืฉื™ื•ืช.

ืื™ืคื” ื ืขืœืžื” ื”ื—ืกื™ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื™?Alien Tort Claims Act

ืœื ื ืจืื” ืฉืžื—ืืช ืงื™ืฅ 2011 ื—ืœื—ืœื” ืœื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื›ื›ื” ื–ื” ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื ื—ืกื™ื ื™ื, ื”ื ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืœืžื—ื•ืง ื•ืœื“ื—ื•ืช ื›ืœ ืขืชื™ืจื” ื‘ืขืœืช ืื•ืคื™ ื—ื‘ืจืชื™. ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื’ื ืžื—ืงื• ืขืชื™ืจื” ืฉืœ 10,000 ื“ืจื•ื–ื™ื. ื‘ื™ืงืฉื• ืžื”ื ืฉื›ืœ ืื™ื“ ื™ื’ื™ืฉ ืขืชื™ืจื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช, ื›ื™ ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื• ื”ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืคืœื”.ื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื‘ื•ื“ื“ ืืช ื”ืคืจื˜ ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืงื•ืœืงื˜ื™ื‘, ื•ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืžืชื•ืš ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ืขืœื™ื•ื ื•ืช, ื•ืฉ"ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœื™ ื›ืœื•ื, ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ืฉื•ืคื˜".

ื’ื ืฆื™ืคื™ ืœื‘ื ื™ ื—ืฉื‘ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžื” ืฉื‘ื ืœื”, ืขื“ ืฉืจืฆื• ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืื•ืชื” ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”. ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืจืื™ื ื• ืื™ืš ืฆื™ืคื™ ืœื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืงืฉืงืช ืœื“ืจื•ืš ืขืœ ืื“ืžืช ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืฉืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ื™ื—ืฉืฉื• ื›ื™ ื™ืชื‘ืขื• ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ, ื•ืขื•ื“ ืข"ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื? ืขืœ ื–ื” ื”ื ืœื ื—ืฉื‘ื•. ืžื” ื™ืงืจื” ื›ืฉืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื ื™ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœืชื‘ื•ืข ืื•ืชื?

ื”ืžื–ื•ืจ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื“ืžื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืขื™ืœืช ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื”ืคื“ืจืืœื™ืช ืœืคื™ื” ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื ืชื‘ืขื™ื ื”ื ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื•ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜, ื•ื ื”ื ื™ื ืžื—ืกื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืื™ืŸ ื—ืกื™ื ื•ืชื ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœื”ื ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘. ื”ื—ื•ืง, Alien Tort Claims Act, ืฉื—ื•ืงืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืงื•ื ื’ืจืก ื”ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืคื“ืจืืœื™ื™ื ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื’ืฉื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื–ืจื™ื, ืงื•ืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืื• ืฉืืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื™ ืฉื ืคืœื• ืงื•ืจื‘ืŸ ืœืขื•ื•ืœื” ืฉื ืขืฉืชื” ืชื•ืš ื”ืคืจื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™; ืขืœ ืคื™ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืคืจื” ื‘ื•ื˜ื” ืฉืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื“ื, ืขื™ื ื•ื™ ืื• ืจืฆื— - ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืจื ื–ืจ ืื—ืจ.

ืžืื– ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-80' ื•ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ื’ืฉื• ื›-100 ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ื—ื•ืง ื–ื”, ื—ืœืงืŸ ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืงื•ืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืื• ืฉืืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืงื•ืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื˜ืจื•ืจ. ื›ืš ืœืžืฉืœ, ืชื‘ื™ืขืช ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ 20 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื ื’ื“ ืฉื•ืจืช ื ืชื‘ืขื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืคืœืฉืชื™ื ืื™ืช ื•ื™ืืกืจ ืขืจืคืืช, ื”ื•ื’ืฉื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื ืคื’ืขื™ื ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ื•ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื ืฉื ืคืœื• ืงื•ืจื‘ืŸ ืœืคืขื•ืœืช ื˜ืจื•ืจ ืจืฆื—ื ื™ืช ืฉื‘ื•ืฆืขื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2002 ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื ืฆืจื™ื, ืกืžื•ืš ืœื›ื™ืกื•ืคื™ื. ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื•ื’ืฉื• ืข"ื™ ืงื•ืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ืื•ื ื™ื™ื” ืืงื™ืœื” ืœืื•ืจื•, ื•ื ื’ื“ ื‘ื ืงื™ื ื•ืงืจื ื•ืช ื”ืžืžื ื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ืžืืก. ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื“ื•ืžื” ื”ื•ื’ืฉื” ื ื’ื“ ืื—ืžื™ื ื™ื’'ืื“. ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืื ื‘ื™ื™ื ื™ืฉ ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืฉืจื™ื” ืœืื•ืชื” ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ื‘ื” ืžื•ืฆื‘ ืื—ืžื ื™ื’ืื“, ืžื” ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืขืœื™ื” ื•ืขืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืชื™ื”?

ืืžื ืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืช, ืžืกื—ืจ ื•ืกืคื ื•ืช โ€“ ื”ืคื•ืš ืขืœ ื”ืคื•ืš?

ืื ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื’ืจื•ืฉื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื”ืกืงื˜ื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ืฃ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื–ื•ื›ื•ืช ืœืคืจื™ื‘ื™ืœื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื–ืงืช ื”ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืจืš, ืชืœื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉื˜ืจื”, ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืกืœืง ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ืจ ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืฆื•ื•ื™ ื”ืจื—ืงื”, ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื ืœืชืจื•ื ืœืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ื•ืขื•ื“ ื›ื”ื ื” ื•ื›ื”ื ื”, ืื– ืื ืœืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื ืžื’ื™ืข ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืช ืคืจื™ื‘ื™ืœื’ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจืžื” ืœื” ื–ื•ื›ื” ื”ืกืงื˜ื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ืฃ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื’ืจื•ืฉื•ืช, ืžื” ื™ืขืฉื” ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื›ืืฉืจ ืื™ืฉื” ืชื˜ืขืŸ ืฉืžื’ื™ืข ืœื” ืžืฉืžื•ืจืช ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ื•ื”ื’ื‘ืจ ื™ื˜ืขืŸ ืฉืžื” ืฉืžื’ื™ืข ืœืื™ืฉื”, ืžื’ื™ืข ื’ื ืœื•?

ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื›ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืื™ ืคืขื ืฉืœืฉื ื™ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื•ืช. ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืžืฉ ืชืงื“ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืœืžืฉืคื—ื”, ืฉื’ื ืœืื™ืžื ื•ื’ื ืœืื‘ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืคืจื™ื‘ื™ืœื’ื™ื•ืช ืฆื•ืœื‘ื•ืช. ื”ืจื™ ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืœื›ืš, ืฉื”ืื™ืฉื” ืžื‘ืงืฉืช, ื•ื”ืื™ืฉื” ืžืงื‘ืœืช. ื”ื’ื‘ืจ ื ื˜ื—ืŸ ืขื“ ื“ืง, ื•ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืžืžื ื• ืืช ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื•. ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืœ"ื”ืคื•ืš ืขืœ ื”ืคื•ืš?

ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื ื›ื™ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืืžื ืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืช, ืžืกื—ืจ ื•ืกืคื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืืจื”"ื‘ ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื” ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืœื”ื ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ื™ื—ืก ื•ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœืกืงื˜ื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ืฃ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉืชื™ ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช, ื”ืกืงื˜ื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ืฃ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืœืžืฉืคื—ื”, ืืฉืจ ื–ื•ื›ื•ืช ืœืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช ืกื˜ื˜ื•ื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ื‘ื“ืžื•ืช ื—ื–ืงืช ื”ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืจืš, ื”ืขื ืงืช ืžืฉืžื•ืจืช ื–ืžื ื™ืช ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช, ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืชืฉืœื•ื ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช, ืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ืฉืžื™ืขืช ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื ืฉื™ื, ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžื”ืฆื’ืช ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื•ืจืื™ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืœ ืžืฉืคื˜ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืœืžืฉืคื—ื”, ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืžืขื“ื™ืฃ ืืช ื’ืจืกืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืขืœ ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื.

ืื ืœื ื“ื™ ื‘ื›ืš, ืžืกืคื™ืง ืฉืื™ืฉื” ืžืกืจื‘ืช ืœื”ืกื“ืจื™ ืจืื™ื™ื”, ื•ืคืงื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืกืขื“, ืขืœ ืคื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื’ื•ื‘ืฉื” ืข"ื™ ืคืงื™ื“ืช ื”ืกืขื“ ื”ืจืืฉื™ืช ืœืกื“ืจื™ ื“ื™ืŸ, ืกื™ืžื•ื ื” ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืžืฅ, ืžืคื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืงืฉืจ. ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ืช "ื”ืคื•ืš ืขืœ ื”ืคื•ืš" ื”ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื ืฉืžื’ื™ืข ืœื”ื ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืช ืชื ืื™ื ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืคืขืœืช ื—ื–ืงืช ื”ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืจืš ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืชื. ื ื˜ืขืŸ ืฉืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื”ืชืขืœืœื•ืช ื”ืžืžืกื“ื™ืช ื‘ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืชื‘ื˜ืืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ ื‘ื”ืคื ื™ื™ืช 20% ืขื“ 25% ืžื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืงืฉืจ, ืœืขื•ืžืช 1% ืขื“ 2% ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘, ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื˜ืœืช ืฆื•ื•ื™ ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืคื™ 4 ืžื”ื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘.

ื›ืกืฃ ื’ืจืžื ื™ ื•ืื•ื•ื ื’ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ ืžืžืžืŸ ื ื™ืชื•ืงื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžืื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื?

ื”ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ื’ื ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืžืžืžื ื™ ื”ื’'ื™ื”ืื“ ื”ืคืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ ืฉื›ื‘ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืกื™ื•ืข ื›ืกืคื™ื ื’ืจืžื ื™ื™ื ื•ืื•ื•ื ื’ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื. ื’ืจืžื ื™ื ืฉืชื•ืžื›ื™ื ื‘ืื’'ื ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ื™ืชื•ืง ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืžื”ื•ืจื™ื”ื, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ. ืื‘ืœ ื›ื•ืœ ืื•ืชื ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืื•ื•ื ื’ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช, ืฉื”ื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”, ื•ืžืฉืงืจื™ื ืœื”ื ืฉื›ืกืคื™ื”ื ื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื ืขืœื•ืช, ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื ื•ืคืœื™ื ื‘ืคื—.

ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื›ืกืคื ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื’ื•ืคื™ื ืจื“ื™ืงืœื™ื™ื ื”ืžืขื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืืช ืžื•ืกื“ ื”ื—ื“ ื”ื•ืจื™ื•ืช, ื•ืžื˜ื™ืคื™ื ืœื ื™ืชื•ืง ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžื”ื•ืจื™ื”ื. ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื ืชื‘ืขื™ื ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžืžืžื ื™ื ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื ืขืž"ืช, ืฉื“ื•ืœืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื, ื•ืขื•ื“. ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืชื‘ืขื™ื: ื”ืงืจืŸ ื”ื’ืจืžื ื™ืช, Konrad Adenauer Stiftung, , ืงืจืŸ ื”ืื—ื•ื•ื” ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื—ื™ืืœ ืืงืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ: International Fellowship of Christians and Jews ื•ืงืจืŸ P.E.F. Israel Endowment Fund ืืฉืจ ืžืžื ืช ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื’ื•ืŸ "ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘" ืืฉืจ ืžืคืจื ืกื™ื ืคืงื™ื“ื•ืช ืกืขื“ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฆื“ื“ื™ืช, ื•ืืฉืจ ื ื˜ืขืŸ ืœื’ื‘ื™ื”ื ืฉื”ื ืžืคื™ืฆื™ื ืชืขืžื•ืœื” ืžื’ื“ืจื™ืช, ืฉื ืื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื, ื”ืชืกืกื” ื•ืœื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื™ืฆืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื ืฉื™ื, ื•ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื”ื—ืžืจืช ื”ื”ืชืขืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืื‘ื•ืช ื”ื’ืจื•ืฉื™ื, ื•ืœื”ื—ืจืคืช ื ื™ืชื•ืงื ืžื™ืœื“ื™ื”ื.

ื”ืงืจืŸ ื”ื’ืจืžื ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืื—ืช ื”ืžืžืžื ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื“ื•ืœืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื, ืืฉืจ ืžืคื™ืฆื” ืžื“ืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืชืœื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื•ื•ื ื›ื•ื–ื‘ื•ืช ื ื’ื“ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื, ื•ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื˜ืงื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื, ื›ืืฉืจ ื›ืกืฃ ื’ืจืžื ื™ ืžืžืžืŸ ืืช ื”ื ื™ืชื•ืงื™ื ื”ืกื™ื˜ื•ื ืื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžืื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ืžื’ืจืžื ื™ื”, ื‘ื•ื’ืจื•ืช ืฉื“ื•ืœืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืžืชืžื ื•ืช ื›ืฉื•ืคื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืœืžืฉืคื—ื” (ืจื‘ืงื” ืžืงื™ื™ืก ื•ืชืžืจ ืกื ื•ื ื™ืช ืคื•ืจืจ).

ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืงืจืŸ ื”ืื—ื•ื•ื” ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ืช-ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ื ื˜ืขืŸ ืฉื”ืจื‘ ืืงืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื˜ืขื” ืืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืชื•ืจืžื™ื, ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืื“ื•ืงื™ื ืืฉืจ ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”, ื•ื‘ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืฉื ืืกืฃ ืžื•ืคื ื” ืœื’ื•ืคื™ื ืงื•ืœื ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืฉืจ ืžืžื ื™ื ืืช ืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ื”ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ, ื•ืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ื”ื—ื“ ื”ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืกื“ ื”ื—ื“ ื”ื•ืจื™ื•ืช, ืฉืืœื• ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ืืฉืจ ื”ืชื•ืจืžื™ื ืกื•ืœื“ื™ื ืžื”ื ืœืื•ืจ ืืžื•ื ืชื ื”ื“ืชื™ืช.

ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื - ื’ื–ืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•, ื”ืขื

ืœื ื ืจืื” ืœื ื• ืฉืืจื”"ื‘ ืชื”ื•ื•ื” ื™ืขื“ ืžื•ืขื“ืฃ ืœืฉื•ืคื™ื ื’ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื•ืคื˜ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืœืžืฉืคื—ื” ื”ืฉื ื”. ืžื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื ื™ืฆื•ืฅ ืื—ื“ ืžืงื•ืจื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืข ืžืกืข ืจื›ืฉ ื‘ื‘ืœื•ืžื™ื ื’ื“ื™ื™ืœืก ื•ื™ื‘ืฆืข ืœื” ืžืกื™ืจื” ื›ื“ื™ืŸ? ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ืช ืืจื‘ืœ ืืฉืžื” ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื” 2.5 ืื•ืชื” ื ื™ืกื—ื”, ื’ืจืžื” ืœืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืœื”ื™ื”ืคืš ื’ื ื ืช ืœื ืฉื™ื ื’ืจื•ืฉื•ืช. ื‘ื’ืœืœื”, ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืขืกื™ืง ืฉื•ื˜ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื’ื•ืจ ืคืฉืข ื•ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื˜ื—, ื”ืฉื•ื˜ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื•ืžื—ื›ื™ื ืœื’ืจื•ืฉื” ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉืชื’ื™ืข ืœื”ืชืœื•ื ืŸ ืฉืžืื™ื™ืžื™ื ืขืœื™ื”, ืžืฆื™ืงื™ื ืœื” ืื• ืฉืขื•ืงื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื”. ื›ื›ื” ืื™ื‘ื“ื ื• ืืช ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื”.

ื”ืฉืจ ื ืืžืŸ ืืฉื ื›ื™ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื“ืชื™ื•ืชื• ื”ื•ื ืžืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืคื™ื™ื” ื“ืชื™ืช, ืื™ื ื ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœืฉื—ืจืจ ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžื›ืคื™ื™ื” ื“ืชื™ืช-ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช, ืื™ื ื ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื ืชืง ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžื”ืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื•ืžืขื•ืœื• ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ืฉื™. ืžื™ืชื•ืก ื”"ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ืฉื™" ืฉืฉื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ื”ื’ื—ืœืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช, ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื–ื” ืฉืžืชืกื™ืก ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื ื’ื“ ื ืฉื™ื, ืžืขื•ื“ื“ ืืช ืžื•ืกื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ืงื•ืช ื•ื”ื—ื“ ื”ื•ืจื™ื•ืช, ืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืกืžื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ ื•ื”ื•ืคืš ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืคืกืงื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื” ืœื ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืขื•ืœื.

ื›ื—ืœื•ืŸ ืืฉื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืžืชื ืขืจ ืžืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืฉืŸ ืœื”ื ืฆื™ื— ืืช ื”ื”ืชืขืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ ืฉืœื ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืจื•ื•ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื›ื•ืคื™ื ื–ืืช ืขืœื™ื”ื. ืืžื ื ื›ื—ืœื•ืŸ ืขืฉื” ื›ืžื” ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื›ืฉ"ื ืœื—ื" ืœืฉื—ืจืจ ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ืžื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืกืœื•ืœืจ, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื• ืœื ื—ื•ื›ืžื” ื›ื’ื“ื•ืœื”. ื ืชื ื• ืœื• ืืช ืชื™ืง ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื”, ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœืžืจื•ื— ืื•ืชื• ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืงื“ื ืฆื™ื”. ื ืฉื•ืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื”, ืกื™ืžื•ื ื” ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืžืฅ, ื™ืขืœ ื”ืจืžืœ, ื‘ืชื™ื” ืืจื˜ืžืŸ ื•ื ื™ื‘ื” ืžื™ืœื ืจ ืœื™ืžื“ื• ืืช ื›ื—ืœื•ืŸ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœื›ืœ ืื™ืžื ืฉืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื” ืื• ื›ืœ ืื‘ื ืฉืžื ื•ืชืง ืžื™ืœื“ื™ื• ืฉื”ื‘ืขื™ื” "ื ืงื•ื“ืชื™ืช", ื•ืฉื”ืขื•ื–ืจ ืฉืœื•, "ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ" ื™ื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื”. ื›ื›ื” ื”ื•ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœืฆืœื•ื— ืืช ื”ืงื“ื ืฆื™ื”.

ืฉืชื™ ืขืชื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืคื ื• ื ื’ื“ ืžืฉืจื“ื• ืฉืœ ื›ื—ืœื•ืŸ ื ืžืจื—ื• ื•ื ืžื—ืงื•. ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘. ืฉื›ื—ื ื• ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ: ื’ื ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืื•"ื ื‘ื’'ื ื‘ื” ื™ืฉ ืžืกืคืจ ืชืœื•ื ื•ืช ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืœื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื“ื, ื•ืชืœื•ื ื” ืงื•ืœืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ื ื’ื“ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืœื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช ื•ืกื•ืฆื™ืืœื™ื•ืช. ืžื” ื™ืงืจื”? ื›ืจื’ื™ืœ, ื›ื—ืœื•ืŸ ื•ื ืืžืŸ ื™ืกืคืจื• ืœืื•"ื ืฉืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื ื’ืŸ ืขื“ืŸ ืœืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื•ืคืช ืœืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื.

ื”ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื”ื•ื ืืœื™ ื“ื ื™ืืœ, ื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื”ืงื•ืืœื™ืฆื™ื” ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”, ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื™ื ืืช ื“ืขืชื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“

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ื“ืฆืž 20, 2020

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